What is Whole of Life Insurance?

Whole of Life Insurance (WOL) is a policy that guarantees a lump-sum payout to your beneficiaries when you pass away. Unlike Term Life Insurance, WOL is not tied to a fixed term; the policy remains active for your entire lifetime, provided premiums are continuously paid.

How Does It Work?

Whole of Life Insurance provides lifelong cover and financial protection for your family, as long as premiums are maintained. For many people, the appeal lies in the certainty and security it offers, particularly for those with larger estates.

There are two main premium structures for WOL policies: guaranteed and reviewable.

With a guaranteed premium policy, the amount you pay monthly or annually remains fixed for life. Reviewable policies often start with lower premiums, but the insurer reassesses them periodically, generally after an initial 10 years and every 5 years thereafter, meaning costs can increase significantly over time due to economic or underwriting factors.

It’s important to note that WOL policies are generally more expensive than term insurance. Premiums depend on several personal factors, including age, health, smoking status, and the level of cover required. For example, someone in their seventies with poor health and a heavy smoking habit is likely to pay substantially more than a healthy, non-smoking 25-year-old.

Who Is It For?

Whole of Life Insurance can suit a wide range of people, but the higher premiums and inheritance tax (IHT) planning benefits often make it particularly suited to wealthier individuals and those with significant assets. It may also appeal to those seeking certainty around legacy planning and reassurance that loved ones will receive financial support upon their passing.

Whole of Life policies are commonly used as part of IHT planning. Currently, IHT is charged at 40% on the value of an estate above the available nil rate bands. Individuals generally benefit from a standard nil rate band of £325,000 and may also qualify for an additional Residence Nil Rate Band (RNRB) of up to £175,000 where a qualifying main residence is passed to direct descendants, such as children or grandchildren. This can increase the total tax-free allowance to £500,000 per individual, or up to £1 million for married couples and civil partners where allowances are transferable.

However, the RNRB is reduced for estates valued above £2 million and may not be available in full across all circumstances. As a result, many estates can still face a substantial IHT liability. A Whole of Life policy can therefore be used to help cover some or all of the tax due, reducing the financial burden on beneficiaries and helping preserve the value of the estate passed on to future generations.

That said, the reasons for maintaining Whole of Life cover may evolve over time. Inheritance tax rules can change, estate values may fluctuate, and future liabilities may be affected by factors such as investment performance, gifting, care costs, or changing spending patterns. Within the broader context of legacy planning, Whole of Life insurance recognises that financial circumstances and estate planning priorities are rarely static over the course of a lifetime.

To help ensure the policy payout does not form part of the taxable estate, Whole of Life policies are typically recommended to be written into trust, allowing the proceeds to pass directly to beneficiaries.

What Are the Pros and Cons?

Pros

Provides a guaranteed payout, offering peace of mind that loved ones will be financially supported.
Guaranteed premium policies allow premiums to remain fixed for life, improving long-term affordability and certainty.
Helps prevent financial stress for family members by ensuring funds are available when needed.
Can support inheritance tax planning, funeral costs, and other estate-related expenses.
Reduces the need for beneficiaries to take out bridging loans or forced asset sales to cover immediate inheritance tax liabilities.

Cons

Premiums can be expensive depending on your circumstances and required level of cover.
Premiums must continue for life in order for the policy to remain valid.
Long-term affordability should be carefully considered before taking out cover.

How I’ve Helped My Clients

I worked with a client who had no spouse or direct descendants and intended to leave their estate to extended family members. Initially, they were reluctant to take action because they felt inheritance tax would not affect them personally. With retirement approaching, their focus had understandably been elsewhere. However, recent changes to pension legislation significantly increased the value of their estate. Through our discussions, it became clear that doing nothing would effectively mean accepting a substantial tax bill on death, something they felt strongly about, particularly as they felt they’d paid their fair share of tax over the years. After calculating a projected inheritance tax liability of approximately £600,000, they recognised the importance of putting a plan in place.

A significant portion of the projected liability was linked to pension legislation changes due to take effect from April 2027, in which most unused pension funds and death benefits will be included in the value of a person’s estate, and in turn are expected to increase both inheritance tax exposure and planning complexity.

The client’s primary concern was affordability, specifically whether a Whole of Life policy could realistically cover the future tax liability without negatively affecting their current lifestyle.

We were able to demonstrate that premiums were sustainable while still allowing for everyday spending, holidays, lifestyle goals, and potential future care costs. We were also able to show how the policy would remain affordable even if underwriting resulted in increased premiums.

As part of the wider planning strategy, we also explored increasing charitable gifting from 5% to 10%. Leaving at least 10% to charity reduces the inheritance tax rate from 40% to 36%, materially lowering the overall tax bill while only minimally reducing the beneficiaries’ net inheritance.

By combining charitable planning with insurance, the projected inheritance tax liability was significantly reduced. Most importantly, even if the client passed away early into the policy term, the insurer would still pay the full sum assured regardless of how many premiums had been paid.

We explored whether gifting from surplus income could reduce the estate further, but this was not viable because much of the client’s income came from investments and did not meet HMRC’s strict criteria. Ultimately, the Whole of Life protection achieved more than simply reducing tax. As we’d positioned the WOL insurance into trust, it also ensured beneficiaries would have immediate access to funds to assist in paying inheritance tax without hardship, borrowing, or the forced sale of assets. Whether the client passed away early or decades later, the policy provided certainty, stability, and a predictable legacy for their family.

Overall, the process helped the client understand that proactive planning can protect beneficiaries, reduce inheritance tax exposure, support charitable giving, preserve lifestyle flexibility, and support loved ones when facing a sudden and unaffordable tax bill.

If you’d like to explore whether Whole of Life Insurance could help you, please don’t hesitate to get in touch. I hope you’ve found this article useful and reassuring in understanding the options available for long-term financial planning.

Colmore Partners is an Appointed Representative of Best Practice IFA Group Limited which is authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority, the registration number is 223112.

This article does not constitute tax, legal or financial advice and should not be relied upon as such. Tax treatment depends on the individual circumstances of each client and may be subject to change in the future. For guidance, seek professional advice.

Past performance is not a guide to future performance and may not be repeated. The value of investments and the income from them may go down as well as up and investors may not get back the amount originally invested.

Note that life insurance and financial protection plans typically have no cash in value at any time and cover will cease at the end of the term. If premiums stop, then cover will lapse.

Cover is subject to terms and conditions and may have exclusions. Definitions of illnesses vary from product provider and will be explained within the policy documentation.

The Financial Conduct Authority does not regulate estate planning or tax planning.